CHIMe lab - Revision history

imported>Lottridg at 22:11, 13 August 2012

2012-08-13T22:11:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:11, 13 August 2012
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	* IRB submitted. Revisions submitted. Waiting for approval.		* IRB submitted. Revisions submitted. Waiting for approval.
	* Outline specific hypotheses. DONE		* Outline specific hypotheses. DONE
	* Complete Level 3 MRI training: test DONE. Practical exam: June 6, 9-10am.		* Complete Level 3 MRI training: test DONE. Practical exam: June 6, 9-10am. DONE
	* CPR training: May 31.		* CPR training: May 31. DONE
	* update e-prime files. DONE		* update e-prime files. DONE
	* Coordinate with Nanna to add triggers to e-prime tasks, synch/test with scanner. June 6, 8-9am.		* Coordinate with Nanna to add triggers to e-prime tasks, synch/test with scanner. June 6, 8-9am. DONE
	* run pilot participant. Goal: Friday June 8.		* run pilot participant. Goal: Friday June 8. DONE


	==~~Notes for Bob==~~		=ANALYSIS=
	* ~~Bob~~: ~~please create a Nass folder for saving data~~
	* Bob will help with exact sequence (anatomical early on? to use to superimpose functional ones) or hi res anatomical at the end?		*Group analysis: http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/freesurfer/index.html#displaying
	* Suggested MRI computer procedure: ~~pull up study protocol, localizer, asset calibration, first n-back, then vogel, after, collect at end? anatomical, diffusion imaging (anatomical for white matter)~~
	* each 3min20s N-back e-prime file will trigger the same functional scan, a similar functional scan for 5min20s for Vogel

imported>Lottridg at 20:44, 31 May 2012

2012-05-31T20:44:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 31 May 2012
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	** 3-back block 3min20s		** 3-back block 3min20s
	** Vogel practice ~2 min		** Vogel practice ~2 min
	** Vogel task ~~5min20s~~		** Vogel task 9min36s
	** Total approx 25 min of task time		** = 30 minutes of task time
			** Diffuser 13min
			** Total approx min of task time


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	HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.		HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.

	Possibly make the retention interval longer. Do a behavioural pilot.		Possibly make the retention interval longer? Do a behavioural pilot?

	===Working Memory in N-back task===		===Working Memory in N-back task===
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	==Participants==		==Participants==
	* Aim to run n = 20, 10 heavy multitaskers, 10 light multitaskers		* Aim to run n = 20, 10 heavy multitaskers, 10 light multitaskers
	* Must run before ~~June 30th~~ (end of grant)		* Must run before July 31 (end of grant)


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	* we will use the 1-handed cylinder with the thumb and index button in the dominant hand -> "HHSC l5"		* we will use the 1-handed cylinder with the thumb and index button in the dominant hand -> "HHSC l5"
	* setting is USB, input in numbers from the participants (1=thumb, 2=index), input in keyboard to start the stimulus		* setting is USB, input in numbers from the participants (1=thumb, 2=index), input in keyboard to start the stimulus
			* respiration and pulse osimeter included


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	==Timeline==		==Timeline==
	* IRB submitted. Waiting for approval		* IRB submitted. Revisions submitted. Waiting for approval.
	* Outline specific hypotheses. ~~Goal: early May~~		* Outline specific hypotheses. DONE
	* Complete MRI training, ~~squash, phantom, etc~~. CPR training -> May 31. ~~Goal: end of May~~		* Complete Level 3 MRI training: test DONE. Practical exam: June 6, 9-10am.
	* update e-prime files. ~~Goal: mid May~~		* CPR training: May 31.
	* Coordinate with Nanna to add triggers to e-prime tasks, synch/test with scanner. ~~Goal: end of May~~		* update e-prime files. DONE
	* run pilot participant. Goal: June 1		* Coordinate with Nanna to add triggers to e-prime tasks, synch/test with scanner. June 6, 8-9am.
			* run pilot participant. Goal: Friday June 8.

imported>Lottridg at 20:20, 31 May 2012

2012-05-31T20:20:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 31 May 2012
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	* FOUR conditions: 0,2,4,6 distractors		* FOUR conditions: 0,2,4,6 distractors
	* 2 red rectangles in all 4 conditions		* 2 red rectangles in all 4 conditions
	* Length: approximate 2 min practice, ~~5.33 min~~ test		* Length: approximate 2 min practice, 9min36s test
	* Trial timing		* Trial timing
	** Show stimulus for 2000ms (same as PNAS) but include a grey screen for 2, 4 or 6 seconds in between trials, to allow for brain blood flow between trials		** Show stimulus for 2000ms (same as PNAS) but include a grey screen for 2, 4 or 6 seconds in between trials, to allow for brain blood flow between trials

imported>Lottridg at 19:21, 22 May 2012

2012-05-22T19:21:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:21, 22 May 2012
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	===Working Memory in Vogel Task===		===Working Memory in Vogel Task===
	HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.		HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.

			Possibly make the retention interval longer. Do a behavioural pilot.

	===Working Memory in N-back task===		===Working Memory in N-back task===

imported>Lottridg at 19:02, 22 May 2012

2012-05-22T19:02:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 22 May 2012
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	* 2 tasks: event-related design for Vogel, block-design for N-back		* 2 tasks: event-related design for Vogel, block-design for N-back
	* Protocol		* Protocol
	** N-back practice		** N-back practice ~4 min
	** 2-back block		** 2-back block 3min20s
	** 3-back block		** 3-back block 3min20s
	** 2-back block		** 2-back block 3min20s
	** 3-back block		** 3-back block 3min20s
	** Vogel practice ~~and~~ task		** Vogel practice ~2 min
			** Vogel task 5min20s
			** Total approx 25 min of task time


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	* FOUR conditions: 0,2,4,6 distractors		* FOUR conditions: 0,2,4,6 distractors
	* 2 red rectangles in all 4 conditions		* 2 red rectangles in all 4 conditions
	* Length: ~~total aim 7 min composed of~~ 2 min practice, 5.33 min test		* Length: approximate 2 min practice, 5.33 min test
	* Trial timing		* Trial timing
	** Show stimulus for 2000ms (same as PNAS) but include a grey screen for 2, 4 or 6 seconds in between trials, to allow for brain blood flow between trials		** Show stimulus for 2000ms (same as PNAS) but include a grey screen for 2, 4 or 6 seconds in between trials, to allow for brain blood flow between trials
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	* All slides and input updated to thumb/index button presses, except for start of real task, which is set to keyboard and triggers the MRI.		* All slides and input updated to thumb/index button presses, except for start of real task, which is set to keyboard and triggers the MRI.
	* Note there is a concern with removing trials with 4, 6 and 8 red rectangles (as these require more cognitive load, and do not allow the participant to 'expect' two red rectangles), but due to timing constraints, we are not able to include them.		* Note there is a concern with removing trials with 4, 6 and 8 red rectangles (as these require more cognitive load, and do not allow the participant to 'expect' two red rectangles), but due to timing constraints, we are not able to include them.
	* QUESTION FOR NANNA: I added the pseudo-random ordered 2s, 4s, and 6s as an Attribute column to my Task List object called ITIDur. When I create a Slide or a Wait object within the task procedure, I don't know how to associate the Duration of that object to the ITIDur list attribute. Note: I typed "[ITIDur]" in the Duration field. Note: I can no longer compile/run the experiment because it expects a serial port to start the scanner, even when I remove the ScanTrigger object.


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	** no triggers for practice because practice length can vary		** no triggers for practice because practice length can vary
	* All slides and input updated to thumb/index button presses, except for start of real task, which is set to keyboard and triggers the MRI.		* All slides and input updated to thumb/index button presses, except for start of real task, which is set to keyboard and triggers the MRI.
	* ~~NANNA QUESTION~~: In the practice files, the accuracy message box needs a <spacebar> press to continue. How to change it to THUMB/"1"		* UNRESOLVED: In the practice files, the accuracy message box needs a <spacebar> press to continue. How to change it to THUMB/"1"
	* ~~NANNA:~~ Scan script needs to be added to 2-back and 3-back files		* Scan script needs to be added to 2-back and 3-back practice files

imported>Lottridg at 18:50, 22 May 2012

2012-05-22T18:50:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 22 May 2012
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	==Hypotheses==		==Hypotheses==

	===Working Memory~~===~~		===Working Memory in Vogel Task===
	~~====~~Vogel Task====
	HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.		HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.

	====N-back task====		===Working Memory in N-back task===
	HMMs will have less effective working memory than LMMs.		HMMs will have less effective working memory than LMMs.
	ventrolateral PFC (BA 44/45/47) is concerned with active maintenance and updating of information		ventrolateral PFC (BA 44/45/47) is concerned with active maintenance and updating of information
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	Note: N-back paper found single and dual task differences in the precentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule.		Note: N-back paper found single and dual task differences in the precentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule.

	===~~Inhibitory Function===~~		===Approach Response in Sensation seeking===
	~~====~~Sensation seeking====
	HMMs will have more sensation seeking characteristics.		HMMs will have more sensation seeking characteristics.
	HSSs showed stronger fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in brain regions associated with arousal and reinforcement (right insula, posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex), whereas LSSs showed greater activation and earlier onset of fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in regions involved in emotional regulation (anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate). Furthermore, fMRI response in anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with urgency. Finally, LSSs showed greater sensitivity to the valence of the stimuli than did HSSs. These distinct neurobiological profiles suggest that HSSs exhibit neural responses consistent with an overactive approach system, whereas LSSs exhibit responses consistent with a stronger inhibitory system.		HSSs showed stronger fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in brain regions associated with arousal and reinforcement (right insula, posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex), whereas LSSs showed greater activation and earlier onset of fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in regions involved in emotional regulation (anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate). Furthermore, fMRI response in anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with urgency. Finally, LSSs showed greater sensitivity to the valence of the stimuli than did HSSs. These distinct neurobiological profiles suggest that HSSs exhibit neural responses consistent with an overactive approach system, whereas LSSs exhibit responses consistent with a stronger inhibitory system.

	====ADHD====		===Characteristics of ADHD===
	HMMs will have more ADHD characteristics, i.e. we expect to see hypoactivation of the PFC/caudate/ant. Cingulate circuit and/or the posterior circuit in HMMs during the N-Back and Vogel tasks, compared to LMMs.		HMMs will have more ADHD characteristics, i.e. we expect to see hypoactivation of the PFC/caudate/ant. Cingulate circuit and/or the posterior circuit in HMMs during the N-Back and Vogel tasks, compared to LMMs.
			Summary:
			PFC – role in suppressing irrelevant stimuli during task.
			Caudate – role in inhibition.
			Anterior cingulate – role in attention and reward-based decision making.

	The most popular theory in terms of the neurobiological substrate of ADHD is dysfunction in the frontostriatal circuits.		The most popular theory in terms of the neurobiological substrate of ADHD is dysfunction in the frontostriatal circuits.
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	*hypoactivation of the anterior cingulate nucleus during a Stroop test, a stop signal test, and a Go-NoGo test in ADHD sufferers(Bush et al 1999, Biol Psychiatry 45:1542; Rubia et al 1999, Am J Psychaitry 156:891; Durston 2003, Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9:184)		*hypoactivation of the anterior cingulate nucleus during a Stroop test, a stop signal test, and a Go-NoGo test in ADHD sufferers(Bush et al 1999, Biol Psychiatry 45:1542; Rubia et al 1999, Am J Psychaitry 156:891; Durston 2003, Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9:184)
	ADHD includes:		ADHD includes:
	~~PFC – role in suppressing irrelevant stimuli during task.~~
	~~Caudate – role in inhibition.~~
	~~Anterior cingulate – role in attention and reward-based decision making.~~

	There is also a second theory of the neurobiological substrate of ADHD which implicates a posterior cortical circuit, including the posterior superior temporal cortex, and the inferior parietal cortex (both these regions play a role in focus of attention and ignoring distraction) – stop signal and Go/NoGo tasks (Mulligan et al 2011, Psychaitry Res 194:119.		There is also a second theory of the neurobiological substrate of ADHD which implicates a posterior cortical circuit, including the posterior superior temporal cortex, and the inferior parietal cortex (both these regions play a role in focus of attention and ignoring distraction) – stop signal and Go/NoGo tasks (Mulligan et al 2011, Psychaitry Res 194:119.

	Interestingly there is a theory that the frontostriatal dysfunction underlies the inattentive subtype of ADHD, while the posterior dysfunction may underlie the hyperactive/impulsive subtype of ADHD, or the combined type. We could ~~perhaps~~ narrow our hypothesis regarding which of the 2 circuits (anterior vs. posterior) is most likely to differ in ~~HMMIs~~ by looking at the literature of ADHD subtypes doing our tests (i.e. the N-Back) and seeing whether the performance of one subtype or the other more closely mirrors the performance of ~~HMMIs – what do you think?~~		Interestingly there is a theory that the frontostriatal dysfunction underlies the inattentive subtype of ADHD, while the posterior dysfunction may underlie the hyperactive/impulsive subtype of ADHD, or the combined type. We could narrow our hypothesis regarding which of the 2 circuits (anterior vs. posterior) is most likely to differ in HMMs by looking at the literature of ADHD subtypes doing our tests (i.e. the N-Back) and seeing whether the performance of one subtype or the other more closely mirrors the performance of HMMs.

	Structural MRI has revealed:		Structural MRI has revealed:

	Decreased volume of PFC subregions in ADHD sufferers (Reviewed in Quintero et al 2009, Actas Esp Psiquiatr 37:352)		Decreased volume of PFC subregions in ADHD sufferers (Reviewed in Quintero et al 2009, Actas Esp Psiquiatr 37:352)
	Conflicting reports on volume changes in the caudate, cerebellum and basal ganglia.		Conflicting reports on volume changes in the caudate, cerebellum and basal ganglia.

	====Explore/~~exploit=~~===		===Explore/Exploit===
	HMMs will exhibit more exploratory activation.		HMMs will exhibit more exploratory activation.
	The explore/exploit model proposes that information about cost (calculated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and reward (calculated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)) converge on both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC). This information is used by the VTA to implement a reinforcement learning algorithm that adjusts the weights in the decision network. In the LC, evaluative information sets the mode of responding (phasic or tonic), which, through norepinephrine (NE) release and gain modulation of units in the decision network, regulates the balance between exploration and exploitation.		The explore/exploit model proposes that information about cost (calculated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and reward (calculated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)) converge on both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC). This information is used by the VTA to implement a reinforcement learning algorithm that adjusts the weights in the decision network. In the LC, evaluative information sets the mode of responding (phasic or tonic), which, through norepinephrine (NE) release and gain modulation of units in the decision network, regulates the balance between exploration and exploitation.

imported>Lottridg at 18:46, 22 May 2012

2012-05-22T18:46:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 22 May 2012
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	===Working Memory===		===Working Memory===
	Vogel Task		====Vogel Task====
	HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.		HMMs will have less effective working memory use than LMMs, ie. HMMs will resemble lower-capacity individuals in they will allow distractors into working memory. ROI: Prefrontal cortex. Vogel paper found EPR differences in the lateral occipital posterior parietal electrode sites.

	N-back task		====N-back task====
	HMMs will have less effective working memory than LMMs.		HMMs will have less effective working memory than LMMs.
	ventrolateral PFC (BA 44/45/47) is concerned with active maintenance and updating of information		ventrolateral PFC (BA 44/45/47) is concerned with active maintenance and updating of information
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	===Inhibitory Function===		===Inhibitory Function===
	Sensation seeking		====Sensation seeking====
	HMMs will have more sensation seeking characteristics.		HMMs will have more sensation seeking characteristics.
	HSSs showed stronger fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in brain regions associated with arousal and reinforcement (right insula, posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex), whereas LSSs showed greater activation and earlier onset of fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in regions involved in emotional regulation (anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate). Furthermore, fMRI response in anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with urgency. Finally, LSSs showed greater sensitivity to the valence of the stimuli than did HSSs. These distinct neurobiological profiles suggest that HSSs exhibit neural responses consistent with an overactive approach system, whereas LSSs exhibit responses consistent with a stronger inhibitory system.		HSSs showed stronger fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in brain regions associated with arousal and reinforcement (right insula, posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex), whereas LSSs showed greater activation and earlier onset of fMRI responses to high-arousal stimuli in regions involved in emotional regulation (anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate). Furthermore, fMRI response in anterior medial orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with urgency. Finally, LSSs showed greater sensitivity to the valence of the stimuli than did HSSs. These distinct neurobiological profiles suggest that HSSs exhibit neural responses consistent with an overactive approach system, whereas LSSs exhibit responses consistent with a stronger inhibitory system.

	ADHD		====ADHD====
	HMMs will have more ADHD characteristics, i.e. we expect to see hypoactivation of the PFC/caudate/ant. Cingulate circuit and/or the posterior circuit in HMMs during the N-Back and Vogel tasks, compared to LMMs.		HMMs will have more ADHD characteristics, i.e. we expect to see hypoactivation of the PFC/caudate/ant. Cingulate circuit and/or the posterior circuit in HMMs during the N-Back and Vogel tasks, compared to LMMs.

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	Conflicting reports on volume changes in the caudate, cerebellum and basal ganglia.		Conflicting reports on volume changes in the caudate, cerebellum and basal ganglia.

	Explore/exploit		====Explore/exploit====
	HMMs will exhibit more exploratory activation.		HMMs will exhibit more exploratory activation.
	The explore/exploit model proposes that information about cost (calculated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and reward (calculated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)) converge on both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC). This information is used by the VTA to implement a reinforcement learning algorithm that adjusts the weights in the decision network. In the LC, evaluative information sets the mode of responding (phasic or tonic), which, through norepinephrine (NE) release and gain modulation of units in the decision network, regulates the balance between exploration and exploitation.		The explore/exploit model proposes that information about cost (calculated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and reward (calculated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)) converge on both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC). This information is used by the VTA to implement a reinforcement learning algorithm that adjusts the weights in the decision network. In the LC, evaluative information sets the mode of responding (phasic or tonic), which, through norepinephrine (NE) release and gain modulation of units in the decision network, regulates the balance between exploration and exploitation.

imported>Lottridg at 18:45, 22 May 2012

2012-05-22T18:45:40Z

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 ==Hypotheses==
-* under development
-* Locations of interest: brain areas implicated in ADHD, Sensation seeking, executive function, and inhibition of distractors
+===Working Memory===

imported>Lottridg at 12:14, 12 May 2012

2012-05-12T12:14:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 12 May 2012
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	* Bob will help with exact sequence (anatomical early on? to use to superimpose functional ones) or hi res anatomical at the end?		* Bob will help with exact sequence (anatomical early on? to use to superimpose functional ones) or hi res anatomical at the end?
	* Suggested MRI computer procedure: pull up study protocol, localizer, asset calibration, first n-back, then vogel, after, collect at end? anatomical, diffusion imaging (anatomical for white matter)		* Suggested MRI computer procedure: pull up study protocol, localizer, asset calibration, first n-back, then vogel, after, collect at end? anatomical, diffusion imaging (anatomical for white matter)
	* ~~Note:~~ each 3min20s N-back e-prime file will trigger the same functional scan		* each 3min20s N-back e-prime file will trigger the same functional scan, a similar functional scan for 5min20s for Vogel
	* a similar functional scan for 5min20s for Vogel

imported>Lottridg at 12:12, 12 May 2012

2012-05-12T12:12:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, 12 May 2012
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	* Aim to run n = 20, 10 heavy multitaskers, 10 light multitaskers		* Aim to run n = 20, 10 heavy multitaskers, 10 light multitaskers
	* Must run before June 30th (end of grant)		* Must run before June 30th (end of grant)


	==Input Details==		==Input Details==
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	=Project ~~To-Do List~~=		=Project Timeline and Notes=

			==Timeline==
	* IRB submitted. Waiting for approval		* IRB submitted. Waiting for approval
	* Outline specific hypotheses. Goal: early May		* Outline specific hypotheses. Goal: early May
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			==Notes for Bob==
	=Notes ~~and Timeline~~=		* Bob: please create a Nass folder for saving data
	* Bob will help with exact sequence (anatomical early on? to use to superimpose functional ones) or hi res anatomical at the end?		* Bob will help with exact sequence (anatomical early on? to use to superimpose functional ones) or hi res anatomical at the end?
	* each 3min20s N-back e-prime file will trigger the same functional scan		* Suggested MRI computer procedure: pull up study protocol, localizer, asset calibration, first n-back, then vogel, after, collect at end? anatomical, diffusion imaging (anatomical for white matter)
			* Note: each 3min20s N-back e-prime file will trigger the same functional scan
	* a similar functional scan for 5min20s for Vogel		* a similar functional scan for 5min20s for Vogel
	**MRI computer:
	~~- pull up study protocol~~
	~~- localizer~~
	~~- asset calibration~~
	~~- first n-back, then vogel~~
	~~- after, collect at end? anatomical, diffusion imaging (anatomical for white matter)~~